Dimensions Of A Series Paper Sizes

The dimensions of the A series paper sizes, as defined by the ISO 216 standard, are given in the table below the diagram in both millimetres and inches (cm measurements can be obtained by dividing mm value by 10). The A Series paper size chart, below left, gives a visual representation of how the sizes relate to each other – for example A5 is half of A4 size paper and A2 is half of A1 size paper.

A Series Paper Sizes Chart.

Table of Paper Sizes From 4A0 to A10

To obtain paper sizes in centimetres, convert mm values to cm by dividing by 10 and in feet by dividing inch values by 12. More units here and sizes in pixels here.

4A0 & 2A0 – The DIN 476 Oversize Formats

The paper sizes bigger than A0, 4A0 & 2A0, aren’t formally defined by ISO 216 but are commonly used for oversized paper. The origin of these formats is in the German DIN 476 standard, that was the original base document from which ISO 216 was derived. 2A0 is sometimes described as A00, however this naming convention is not used for 4A0.

A Series Paper Size Tolerances

ISO 216 specifies tolerances for the production of A series paper sizes as follows:

• ±1.5 mm (0.06 in) for dimensions up to 150 mm (5.9 in)
• ±2 mm (0.08 in) for lengths in the range 150 to 600 mm (5.9 to 23.6 in)
• ±3 mm (0.12 in) for any dimension above 600 mm (23.6 in)

A Series Paper Sizes Defined

The A series paper sizes are defined in ISO 216 by the following requirements:

• The length divided by the width is 1.4142
• The A0 size has an area of 1 square metre.
• Each subsequent size A(n) is defined as A(n-1) cut in half parallel to its shorter sides.
• The standard length and width of each size is rounded to the nearest millimetre.

Note: For reference the last item is there because the root 2 aspect ratio doesn’t always give a whole number.

For more information about A paper size areas and areas of sizes other than A0 in square metres and square feet click here.

International Usage

The A series paper sizes are now in common use throughout the world apart from in the US, Canada and parts of Mexico. The A4 size has become the standard business letter size in English speaking countries such as Australia, New Zealand and the UK, that formerly used British Imperial sizes. In Europe the A paper sizes were adopted as the formal standard in the mid 20th century and from there they spread across the globe.

RA & SRA Untrimmed Sizes

RA & SRA sizes define untrimmed paper for commercial printing. These formats are designed to allow for ink bleed during the printing process so that the paper can then be trimmed to one of the A series sizes. Click here for more on RA & SRA sizes.

A3+ (Super A3)

A3 Plus, or Super A3 as it is sometimes known, is not an ISO 216 paper size. It has dimensions of 330mm x 483mm (13″ x 19″). This gives it an aspect ratio of 1:1.468 rather than the 1:root 2 aspect ratio of the ISO series paper sizes. In actuality the A3+/Super A3 name is quite misleading as this paper size is known as B+ or Super B in the United States and is ANSI B with a 1″ margin for print bleed.

Source: A Paper Sizes – A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10

A3 Paper Size Information

Dimensions

• A3 dimensions in millimetres are 297mm x 420mm.
• A3 dimensions in inches are 11.7in x 16.5in.
• A3 area in square metres is 0.12474m²
• A3 area in square millimetres is 124740mm²
• A3 area in square feet is 1.34269ft²
• A3 area in square inches is 193.347387in²

Aspect Ratio

• The aspect ratio (width:height) of A3 paper is 1:1.4142 (1:√2).

Comparison With Other ISO 216 Sizes

• A3 is one eighth of the size of A0.
• A3 is one quarter of the size of A1.
• A3 is half of the size of A2, having the width of A2 as its height in portrait orientation.
• A3 is twice the size of A4, having the height of A4 as its width in portrait orientation.
• A3 is four times the size of A5
• A3 is eight times the size of A6.
• A3 is sizteen times the size of A7.
• A3 is thirty two times the size of A8.
• A3 is sixty four times the size of A9.
• A3 is one hundred and twenty eight times the size of A10.

Comparison With Non ISO 216 Sizes (Including US Sizes)

• A3 is the closest ISO 216 paper size to US Ledger, Tabloid and ANSI B being 0.5in shorter and 0.7in wider in portrait format. It is about twice the size of US Letter and Legal paper.

Weight of A3 Sheets

• A sheet of 80gsm A3 paper weighs 10 grams (0.35274 ounces).
• A sheet of 100gsm A3 paper weighs 12.5 grams (0.44092 ounces).
• A sheet of 160gsm A3 card weighs 20 grams (0.70548 ounces).

More details on paper weights, including a calculator for all grammages here.

Envelopes For A3 Paper

• A C3 envelope will take an unfolded sheet of A3 paper.
• A sheet of A3 paper folded in half by placing the two narrow sides together will fit into a C4 envelope.
• A sheet of A3 paper folded into quarters will fit into a C5 envelope.

Full information on ISO 216 envelope sizes here.

Untrimmed Sizes To Allow For Print Bleed

• RA3 (Raw format A3) is 105% of the size of A3, thus 305 × 430 mm, (12.0″ x 16.9″)
• SRA3 (Supplementary raw format A3) is 115% of the size of A3, thus 320 × 450 mm (12.6″ x 17.7″).

More information on raw format and supplementary raw format here.

Magnification Factors For Reprographics & Photocopying

• Enlarge A3 to A0 using a scale factor of 283%.
• Enlarge A3 to A1 using a scale factor of 200%.
• Enlarge A3 to A2 using a scale factor of 141%.
• Reduce A3 to A4 using a scale factor of 71%.
• Reduce A3 to A5 using a scale factor of 50%.
• Reduce A3 to A6 using a scale factor of 35%.
• Reduce A3 to A7 using a scale factor of 25%.
• Reduce A3 to A8 using a scale factor of 18%.
• Reduce A3 to A9 using a scale factor of 12.5%.
• Reduce A3 to A10 using a scale factor of 8.8%.

More about magnification factors for reprographics and photocopying here.

Source: A3 Size Paper Factsheet – Plus RA3 and SRA3

A4 Paper Size Facts

Dimensions

• A4 size in millimetres is 210mm x 297mm.
• A4 size in inches is 8.3in x 11.7in.
• A4 area in square metres is 0.06237m²
• A4 area in square millimetres is 62370mm²
• A4 area in square feet is 0.671345093ft²
• A4 area in square inches is 96.673693347in²

Aspect Ratio

• The aspect ratio (width:height) of A4 paper is 1:1.4142 (1:√2).

Comparison With Other ISO 216 Sizes

• A4 is one sixteenth of the size of A0.
• A4 is one eighth of the size of A1.
• A4 is one quarter of the size of A2.
• A4 is half the size of A3, having the width of A3 as its height in portrait orientation.
• A4 is twice the size of A5, having the height of A5 as its width in portrait orientation.
• A4 is four times the size of A6.
• A4 is eight times the size of A7.
• A4 is sixteen times the size of A8.
• A4 is thirty two times the size of A9.
• A4 is sixty four times the size of A10.

Comparison With Non ISO 216 Sizes (Including US Sizes)

• A4 is the closest ISO 216 paper size to US Letter and Legal paper sizes. A4 297mm (11.7″) is slightly longer than Letter 279mm (11.0″) but slightly shorter than Legal 356mm (14.0″). A4 210mm (8.3″) is slightly narrower than Letter and Legal 216mm (8.5″).
• A4 is the closest ISO 216 paper size to the old Imperial Foolscap size. A4 297mm (11.7″) is slightly shorter than Foolscap Folio 330mm (13.0″) and A4 210mm (8.3″) is slightly wider than Foolscap 203mm (8.0″).

Weight of A4 Sheets

• A sheet of 80gsm A4 paper weighs 5 grams (0.17637 ounces).
• A sheet of 100gsm A4 paper weighs 6.25 grams (0.22046 ounces).
• A sheet of 160gsm A4 card weighs 10 grams (0.35274 ounces).

More information on paper weights here.

Envelopes For A4 Paper

• A C4 envelope will take an unfolded sheet of A4 paper. C4 envelopes are sometimes, incorrectly, referred to as A4 envelopes.
• A sheet of A4 paper folded in half by placing the two narrow sides together will fit into a C5 envelope.
• A sheet of A4 paper folded into quarters will fit into a C6 envelope.
• A DL envelope will take an A4 sheet folded into thirds. The DL envelope is the most commonly used business envelope.

Full information on ISO 216 envelope sizes here.

Untrimmed Sizes To Allow For Print Bleed

• RA4 (Raw format A4) is 105% of the size of A4, thus 215mm x 305mm (8.5″ x 12.0″).
• SRA4 (Supplementary raw format A4) is 115% of the size of A4, thus 225mm x 320mm (8.9″ x 12.6″).

More information on raw format and supplementary raw format here.

Magnification Factors For Reprographics & Photocopying

• Enlarge A4 to A0 using a scale factor of 400%.
• Enlarge A4 to A1 using a scale factor of 283%.
• Enlarge A4 to A2 using a scale factor of 200%.
• Enlarge A4 to A3 using a scale factor of 141%.
• Reduce A4 to A5 using a scale factor of 71%.
• Reduce A4 to A6 using a scale factor of 50%.
• Reduce A4 to A7 using a scale factor of 35%.
• Reduce A4 to A8 using a scale factor of 25%.
• Reduce A4 to A9 using a scale factor of 18%.
• Reduce A4 to A10 using a scale factor of 12.5%.

More about magnification factors for reprographics and photocopying here.

Source: A4 Size Paper Factsheet – Plus RA4 and SRA4

The EFI boot ROM included in Monterey checks for an original Apple SSD. If one isn’t found, the installer will fail. The EFI boot ROM is required to flash the computer and is a requirement for a successful Monterey installation.

How to mitigate:

1. Boot from an original Apple SSD.
2. Upgrade it to Monterey, allowing it to install the needed firmware and drivers.
3. After the SSD is upgraded, boot back into the installed SSD. You should be able to upgrade it to Monterey.

2020.12.29—Hanna

Hi, my Helm went offline while I was away. Came back and it had a solid white light but showed offline. Restarted it. It went through the file system check, but has been flashing white-dim white for about an hour and still shows offline. My domain is hannagoodbar.me. How can I help with additional troubleshooting?

2020.12.30—Phil at Helm

Hi Hanna,

I checked with our engineering team about your Helm’s state. it’s a rare situation we’ve seen before but of which we have not identified root cause. We know we can’t get it to upload logs in this state, so we can’t investigate what’s happening internally. We have two potential remedies to suggest, and neither works, we’ll need to talk about a replacement Heml:

1. It’s possible that the power supply is bad. That’s an easy replacement, and we sell them for $30 delivered, but of course, you’d be waiting on delivery (from Seattle area, gound shipment unless you opt to pay for upgrade to 2-day or overnight). Alternatively, you might have one that would work for testing. The Helm needs a USB-C power supply with Power Delivery (“USB PD”) capable of supplying 20 volts at at least 2.2 amps (45-watt). Some new laptops use a power supply like this. Phones do not.
2. A factory reset might help, though we estimate low probability. I can give you the specific steps, but in short, you’d initiate it via long press on a hidden butten on the Helm, make your phone forget the Helm, uninstall and reinstall the mobile app, then start an automated restoration from backup in the mobile app.

2020.12.31—Hanna

Hi Phil, I borrowe3d a USB power supply (Apple 60 watt). The Helm went through the same steps as before. Currently flashing white-dim white. Can I get the steps for the reset process.

Also, is there any other way to access email?

2020.12.31—Phil at Helm

Hi Hanna,

There’s no way to access email messages on the Helm, though most desktop email client software caches messages locally, so if you’ve been using a laptop or desktop machine with your Helm email, it’s likely all there up until the last successful connection to retrieve new mail. And the Helm automatically creates offsite backups nightly. The mobile app will show you when that last happened, so after you reset your Helm, or if you get a replacement, you can use the automated process to restore everything up to that last successful backup.

Below are the full steps to factory reset your Helm and restore from backup:

1. Factory reset your Helm. To do so, insert a paper clip or similar item in the pinhole located to the right of the power supply input. Press it for about 20 seconds to initiate the reset. The LED will flash white and red to indicate a Factory Reset is being performed.
2. Go into your phone’s Bluetooth manager and have it “forget” the Helm. Settings >> Bluetooth >> info button next to your Helm >> Forget This Device.
3. Open the Helm app. Go to Settings >> Helm >> Restore. Pair with the Helm as was done during setup.
4. Once paired, the domain for the account that’s being restored will show. Tap Continue.
5. During the restore process, the LED will flash green and white. Once complete, it will be solid white.

I misspoke earlier when I mentioned uninstalling and reinstalling the mobile app. You would do that if you were going to start over from scratch, without restore the backup.

2020.12.31—Hanna

Hi Phil, thanks for advising on the email and providing the reset procedure. Unfortunately, I was unable to get the Helm to start the factory reset. From power on, it went through a few cycles of white-dim white and green-dim green, before settling on white-dim white.

Unless there’s anything else I can try, can we talk about replacing the unit?

2020.12.31—Phil at Helm

Hi Hanna,

The green/dim-green is a filesystem check/repair, and you’re seeing it after bootloader, RAM test, and kernel initialization. I don’t know specifically what the reversion to white/dim-white afterword indicates. Based on what I was told earlier and reported to you, this seems to indicate a failure that necessitates hardware replacement.

I’ll ask if the additional report about LED code detail changes the diagnosis, find out what your replacement options are, and get back to you as I know more.

Thanks for your patience.

2021.01.01—Phil at Helm

Hi Hanna,

Happy new year!

We believe your Helm is beyond remedy. And its 12-month warranty ran out in June.

I can offer you a refurbished Helm for $199 delivered. with a $199 credit toward a Helm v2 when they become available (current estimate: end of Q1 2021). That would get you back in action right away and hopefully avoid any concern about putting money into a v1 with the new and more capable hardware just around the corner. In case you’re not up on our development of a successor to the Helm that went out of production last spring, you can take a look here: https://www.thehelm.com/post/helm-v2-product-update and also in several recent posts by our founders to our community forum at community.thehelm.com.

We’re on reduced support capacity for the holiday weekend, but I’m keeping an eye out for emergencies and will do what I can do to help expedite things since your Helm is completely down at this point.

Later…

I went ahead and ordered the refurbished Helm v1 and was running a couple of weeks later.

In IBM-land, the IBM i operating system allows you to override or substitute at runtime one database file for another. This is useful if you want to run a program or CL (Control Language) batch command with different data than usual; for example, using test data in place of production data.

PGM
/* Substitutes QTEMP/MYFILE for HANNA/MYFILE. */
OVRDBF FILE(HANNA/MYFILE) TOFILE(QTEMP/MYFILE)
CALL PGM(HANNA/MYPGM) /* Reads data from QTEMP/MYFILE. */
DLTOVR FILE(HANNA/MYFILE)
ENDPGM

SQL Server does not usually have this capability; but in certain circumstances, it is possible to override one SQL table for another at runtime.

In Kronos custom reports, a table called MYWTKEMPLOYEE holds the list of employees and time period and is a primary data source. When customizing a report or developing a new one, it’s useful to provide your own employee list with time period. The MYWTKEMPLOYEE looks like this.

CREATE TABLE MYWTKEMPLOYEE (
  SESSIONID INT NOT NULL,
  PERSONID INT NOT NULL,
  EMPLOYEEID INT NOT NULL,
  STARTDATE DATETIME NOT NULL,
  ENDDATE DATETIME NOT NULL
);

Sample data can be created from Kronos similar to this query. Here, we are going to use all employees whose last name starts with “A”, have an active timekeeping license, and a date range of 1^st October through 31^st October.

USE WFCDB;
GO
DECLARE @SESSIONID INT = 1;
INSERT INTO MYWTKEMPLOYEE (
  SESSIONID,
  PERSONID,
  EMPLOYEEID,
  STARTDATE,
  ENDDATE
)
SELECT
  @SESSIONID AS SESSIONID,
  P.PERSONID,
  J.EMPLOYEEID,
  CONVERT(DATETIME, N'20190901') AS STARTDATE,
  CONVERT(DATETIME, N'20191001') AS ENDDATE
FROM VP_PERSONV42 AS P
INNER JOIN JAIDS AS J ON (P.PERSONID = J.PERSONID)
WHERE LEFT(P.LASTNAME, 1) = N'A' AND
ISWFCTKEMPLICENSE = 1;

But how do we use our sample data without mucking about with the production MYWTKEMPLOYEE table? It turns out, we can use a common table expression (CTE) to do so, within certain limitations.

Here is an example to pull in time card totals using MYWTKEMPLOYEE as the employee list and date range.

USE WFCDB;
GO
DECLARE @SESSIONID INT;
;WITH MYWTKEMPLOYEE AS (
  SELECT
    @SESSIONID AS SESSIONID,
    P.PERSONID,
    J.EMPLOYEEID,
    CONVERT(DATETIME, N'20190901') AS STARTDATE,
    CONVERT(DATETIME, N'20191001') AS ENDDATE)
  FROM VP_PERSONV42 AS P
  INNER JOIN JAIDS AS J ON (P.PERSONID = J.PERSONID)
  WHERE LEFT(P.LASTNAME, 1) = N'A' AND
  P.ISWFCTKEMPLICENSE = 1
)
SELECT T.*
FROM MYWTKEMPLOYEE AS M -- Uses CTE MYWTKEMPLOYEE instead of table MYWTKEMPLOYEE.
INNER JOIN VP_TOTALS AS T ON (
  M.PERSONID = T.EMPLOYEEID AND
  M.STARTDATE <= T.APPLYDATE AND T.APPLYDATE < M.ENDDATE
)
WHERE M.SESSIONID = @SESSIONID;

In this way, we can develop the query for a Kronos custom report. When we’re satisfied with the results, we simply remove the CTE and use the query as-is in our report. The @SESSIONID variable can remain because that will be one of the report parameters.

So, what are the limitations of this technique?

• It does not work if the tables are schema-qualified. For example, using FROM DBO.MYWTKEMPLOYEE instead of FROM MYWTKEMPLOYEE as we did above. The DBO makes the table lookup more specific.
• Related to above, you cannot create the CTE with it, such as ;WITH DBO.MYWTKEMPLOYEE AS (... because a dotted name is not allowed in a CTE. Similarly, ;WITH [DBO.MYWTKEMPLOYEE] AS(... is a valid CTE name, but SQL Server treats [DBO.MYWTKEMPLOYEE] and [DBO].[MYWTKEMPLOYEE] as separate entities.
• You can’t use it before calling a stored procedure, because common table expressions are not allowed before a stored procedure, ex.

;WITH MYWTKEMPLOYEE AS (...)
EXEC MYSTOREDPROC; -- This does not work.

Microsoft says: “A CTE must be followed by a single SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement that references some or all the CTE columns.” (As of SQL Server 2019.)

Concluding, if you can working within the narrow requirements, it is possible to substitute an SQL table with another temporarily.

Richard Wild

January 20, 1945 to January 4, 2019

Class of 1963 Manzano High School

Retired from GE, Albuquerque Plant

Track Runner in High School through Senior Olympics

World Traveler and Civilian Volunteer

Published in Albuquerque Journal on Jan. 20, 2019

Source: legacy.com
Richard was my mother’s closest sibling and an avid photographer.